6 Appendix
6.1 Comparison of generic branding options.
Table 4. Comparison of the generic branding options, according Backhaus (as quoted in Kotler & Pfoertsch, 2006:91).
Brand strategy
|
Pro
|
Contra
|
|
Brand
width
|
Corporate brand |
- Widest and most efficient use of time, resources and brand investments.
- High stability, less complexity.
- Reinforces comprehensive solutions.
- Maximum market impact.
|
- Generic brand profile
- Possible bad-will transfer on all products.
|
|
Family brand |
- Brand investment covers a product line.
- Positive image and brand transfer on all products (synergy effect).
- Use of brand-related interconnections.
|
- Possible brand dilution.
- Limitations for product positioning.
|
|
Product brand |
- Product-specific brand profile
- No bad-will transfer.
- Creates diverse growth platforms.
|
- Expensive product-specific brand creation.
- High brand variety weakens the perception of single brands.
|
|
Brand
lenght
|
Premium brand |
- High profile, high quality positioning.
- High price premium.
|
- Expensive brand creation.
- Difficult to approach with a family brand.
|
|
Classic brand |
- Applicable in mass markets.
- Creates high brand reliance.
|
- Requires ubiquity.
- High level of brand awareness needed (cost intensive).
|
|
Brand
depth
|
National brand |
- No language problems.
- Adapted to national requirements.
|
- Can become useless with later internationalization.
- Can be too expensive (less standardization).
|
|
International brand |
- Potential standardization.
- Cost effective (economies of scale).
|
- Necessary to comply with different legal requirements.
- Possible image dilution.
- Language/cultural problems
|
|
6.2 Aaker’s Brand Identity Planning Model
Figure 31. Brand identity planning model (Aaker, 2000:44).